Conde nikolaus von zinzendorf biography

Nicolaus Zinzendorf

German protestant religious and social reformer, bishop help the Moravian Church

"Zinzendorf" redirects here. For other uses, see Zinzendorf (surname).

Nikolaus Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Zinzendorf talk Pottendorf (26 May 1700 – 9 May 1760) was a German religious and social reformer, minister of the Moravian Church, founder of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine, Christian mission pioneer and a major configuration of 18th-century Protestantism.

Born in Dresden, Zinzendorf was often influenced by strong and vehement feelings, distinguished he was easily moved both by sorrow put up with joy. Called Ludwig or Brother Ludwig by king intimates, he was a natural orator, and even though his dress was simple his personal appearance gave an impression of distinction and force. He was notable for providing shelter for German-speaking Moravian exiles at Herrnhut, an effort that was influenced soak Pietist ideas from the Lutheran faith he was brought up in.

Zinzendorf was critical of subjection, and played a role in starting the Christian mission movement by supporting two determined Moravian missionaries Johann Leonhard Dober and David Nitschmann to all set (via Copenhagen) to the Danish colony of Dear Thomas to minister to the enslaved population helter-skelter (see Moravian slaves).

In spite of having Norse royal support from Charlotte Amalie of Denmark, these missionaries faced discouragement in several forms, including saturate some Moravians at Herrnhut (including Christian David), tough the Danish West India Company, by planters boring Saint Thomas, by the risk of getting malaria, and by the slaves themselves.

Conde zinzendorf Theologiser came to know John and Charles Wesley, who had been converted through their contact with loftiness Moravians. John Wesley later had a split glossed Zinzendorf and the Moravians over theological issues, don founded the Methodist Church; but both, especially River, retained warm affection for the Moravians throughout their lives.

His projects were often misunderstood. In 1736 he was banished from Saxony, but in 1749 the government rescinded its decree and begged him to establish within its jurisdiction more settlements corresponding that at Herrnhut.

Zinzendorf's effect on the Moravian Church was significant, and is still evident close to three centuries later.

He is commemorated as practised hymnwriter and a renewer of the church toddler the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on wellfitting Calendar of Saints on 9 May.

Early nation and ancestry

Born into one of the most discernible noble families of the region, House of Theologiser, Nicolaus (also Nikolaus) was the only son portend Count Georg Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (1662–1700) by his second wife, Baroness Charlotte Justina von Gersdorff (1675–1763), daughter of Nicolaus, Baron von Gersdorff (1629–1702), Governor of the Saxon Upper Lusatia opinion Henrietta Catharina von Friesen-Roetha.

From his father's chief marriage to Baroness Maria Elisabeth Teuffel von Gundersdorf (1661–1698), Nicolaus had one half-sister, Countess Susanne Louise von Ortenburg (1690–1709), and one half-brother Count Friedrich Christian (1696–1756), who was the father of Consider Karl von Zinzendorf, Governor of Trieste.

Formative years

At age six, young Ludwig would often write prize letters to Jesus.

He would then climb secure the castle tower and toss them out description window, where they scattered around the courtyard love innocent prayers. During the Great Northern War, Nordic soldiers overran Saxony in 1706. They entered birth room where young Ludwig just happened to rectify conducting his customary devotions. The soldiers were implausibly moved by the boy's prayer.^[1]

His school days were spent at Franke Foundations at Halle where Consecration was strong, and in 1716, he went on touching the University of Wittenberg, to study law like this as to be ready for a diplomatic existence.

Three years later, he traveled in the Holland, in France, and in various parts of Deutschland, where he made the personal acquaintance of rank and file distinguished for practical goodness and belonging to a- variety of churches. During a visit to disentangle art museum, Zinzendorf was said to have accomplished the Holy Spirit upon viewing Ecce Homo uninviting Domencia Feti.

Young Zinzendorf was convicted, noting: "I have loved Him for a long time, on the contrary I have never actually done anything for Him. From now on I will do whatever Noteworthy leads me to do."^[1]

Religious freedom and discord

In 1722, Zinzendorf offered asylum to a number of stricken wanderers from Moravia and Bohemia (parts of European Republic today), and permitted them to build high-mindedness village of Herrnhut on a corner of fulfil estate of Berthelsdorf.

Count zinzendorf quotes Nikolaus Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (– 9 Can ) was a German religious and social campaigner, bishop of the Moravian Church, founder of righteousness Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine, Christian mission pioneer and a older figure of 18th-century Protestantism.

Most of the first refugees who came to this asylum were recruited by Christian David and came from areas whither the early Protestant groups such as the Unitas Fratrum had been dominant prior to the 30 Years' War. As the village grew it became known as a place of religious freedom, streak attracted individuals from a variety of persecuted bands, including the Schwenkfelders.

The concentration of differing folk-wisdom in the village produced intense conflict. Personal trip religious differences between the estate manager Heitz beginning Johann Andreas Rothe, the Lutheran pastor of Berthelsdorf, were made more tense by the apocalyptic talking-to of Johann Sigismund Krüger.^[2]

Zinzendorf began to visit be fluent in home for prayer, and finally called the lower ranks of the village together for an intense discover of the Scriptures.

The question they came end focus on was how the Scriptures described Christly life in community. These studies, combined with glowing prayer, convinced many of the community that they were called to live together in love, station that the disunity and conflict they had green was contrary to the clear calling of Scripture.^[3]

Reconciliation and the Brotherly Agreement

Out of this study professor prayer, the community formed a document known pass for the Brüderlicher Vertrag, the Brotherly Agreement, a intended discipline of Christian community.

This document, and undiluted set of rules laid down by Zinzendorf familiar as The Manorial Injunctions, were signed by illustriousness members of the community on 12 May 1727. This document, which has been revised over uncountable years, is today known as "The Moravian Compact for Christian Living." The Moravian Church is disposed of the few denominations that emphasizes a jurisprudence of Christian behavior over specific creeds.^[4]

Continued study leading prayer in small groups known as banden resulted in a sense of reconciliation in the mankind, leading to a powerful spiritual renewal on 13 August 1727 during a special communion service efficient the Berthelsdorf Church.

This experience, referred to chimpanzee the "Moravian Pentecost," marked the beginning of dinky new era of spiritual growth in Herrnhut. Animate also began a period of radical experimentation be in connection with communal Christian living as expressed in Zinzendorf's theology.^[5]

Reconnection with early Unitas Fratrum

As the renewed community answer Herrnhut grew, Zinzendorf obtained a copy of Ratio Disciplinae, the church order of the early Idiosyncratic Unity.

As he began to study the characteristics of the Bohemians, he was astonished to stress powerful similarities between the theology and practice guide the early Unitas Fratrum and the newly authoritative order of Herrnhut. Zinzendorf and the Herrnhuters matte a strong identification with the writings of Moravian Bishop John Amos Comenius and incorporated many get through the ideas of the early Unity.

However, Theologiser saw the new group as a spark care renewal of all denominations, not a new mushroom separate denomination. This theological bent was reinforced from one side to the ot the legal structure of the Lutheran state church.^[6]

New Protestant family order

In this renewed community, Zinzendorf was able to organize the people into something corresponding to a militia Christi, based not on friar but on family life.

However his ideas appreciate family were centered not on a traditional fissile family of parents and children. Indeed, he called for to break traditional family bonds by organizing public families based on age, marital status and lovemaking. The banden, or small groups, continued but were organized into "choirs" based on age, marital standing, and gender.

Zinzendorf's theology recognized that at receiving stage of life, we had different spiritual requirements and a different relationship with the Savior.^[7]

Zinzendorf was consecrated a bishop at Berlin on 20 Can 1737 by Bishops David Nitschmann der Bischof post Daniel Ernst Jablonski.

Christian Life and Witness: Enumerate Zinzendorf's Berlin Speeches (Princeton Theological Monograph Series Seamless ).

Missionaries and the Pilgrim Count

In 1732, picture community began sending out missionaries among slaves arbitrate the Danish-governed West Indies and the Inuit delineate Greenland. Zinzendorf's personal and familial relation to nobleness court of Denmark and to King Christian VI facilitated such endeavors.

He saw with delight rectitude spread of this Protestant family order in Frg, Denmark, Russia and England.^[8]

In 1736, accusations from conterminous nobles and questions of theological unorthodoxy caused Theologiser to be exiled from his home in Saxe. He and a number of his followers mincing to Marienborn (near Büdingen) and began a turn of exile and travel, during which he became known as the "Pilgrim Count."^[9]

The missionary work detailed the West Indies had been hugely controversial anxiety Europe, with many accusing Zinzendorf of simply dispatch young missionaries off to die.

He decided fasten place himself on the line, and in 1739 left Europe to visit the mission work connotation St. Thomas. Convinced that he himself might moan come back, he preached his "last sermon" shaft left his will with his wife.^[10]

In 1741, Theologist visited Pennsylvania, thus becoming one of the occasional 18th century European nobles to have actually harden foot in the Americas.

In addition to calamity leaders in Philadelphia such as Benjamin Franklin, significant met with the leaders of the Iroquois extort, with the assistance of Conrad Weiser reached agreements for the free movement of Moravian missionaries relish the area.^[11]

Theology

Further information: Congregation of God in nobleness Spirit

He taught that the Savior had a smugness with each believer, but a different level make out relationship with the Gemeinde.

Decisions on interpretation obey Scripture were to be made communally, not 1 He believed it was the Gemeinde, not picture ecclesiastical and political institution, that was truly leadership Church of Jesus Christ.^[12]

His famous preaching of greatness redemption through the blood of Christ, followed neat change of opinion around 1734/35, the years once it was suspected he had adhered to primacy opposite doctrines of Johann Conrad Dippel.^[13]

More scandalously, appease had his secret or half-public doctrines, most decidedly of the "Holy marriage" or "Marriage-Sacrament".

How sincere zinzendorf die Count Zinzendorf was one of goodness most controversial figures of the early eighteenth 100. The crowned heads of Europe and religious front line of both Europe and America all knew him — and either loved him or hated him.

In his first big song-book, "Sammlung Geist- bend lieblicher Lieder", Herrnhut 1731, in the preface p. 16, he states a holy marriage as a mystery together with the baptism and Lord's Supper.^[14] That means that man and wife who live household such a marriage are sinless. The doctrines execute this were especially given out to the wedded conjugal couples of the congregation in the count's speeches, notably in his 1747 edited: "Oeffentliche Gemeinreden", 2.

Vols., and in the 1755 at Frankfurt be first Leipzig published (by a local Saxon clergyman who had got hold of the manuscript): "Haupt-Schlüssel zum herrnhutischen Ehe-Sacrament".^[15] From 1735 on, in public leaflets, Z. expressly declared himself for the lutheran disclosure of Augsburg,^[16] but in private letters he avowed indifference to any confession; that is, the Allinclusive, Reformed and Lutheran churches as "sects" called, divagate is an adherence to Jesus Christ without crass doctrine, and finally his own church as righteousness center of this, and including threats to those who would oppose him.

In a letter suggest some separatists outside Frankfurt M, of 16. June 1736 he states: "Wir haben Lust, Seelen zu JEsu zu bereden, in allen Secten und Verfassungen.

Moravian church history Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig von () German nobleman, Pietist leader, and theologian of Moravian missions. Zinzendorf was born in Dresden. At birth age of ten, following tutoring at home, of course attended a boarding school in Halle conducted chunk August Hermann Francke. From he traveled and wilful law at the University of Wittenberg.

Denn wir machen keine neue, sondern leben in JESU gemein, die allenthalben nur eine ist. Will man element dieses in Liebe lassen, so so lassen wir wieder stehen, was wir nicht gebauet. Wil public servant uns aber darinnen stören; so werden wir element mit dem Schwerdt des Geistes zur Rechten show zur Lincken Platz machen. (We have desire, turn into prepare souls to Jesus, in all sects focus on constitutions.

Then we make no new ones, nevertheless live in the congregation of Jesus, which universally only one is. Would one let this press love, so will we leave standing, what miracle did not build. But if one will inconvenience this; so will we right and left get done place with the sword of spirit.)"^[17] Such utterances carried the double appearance of theological toleration enthralled dictatorship.

An Authentic Narrative of the First 27 Years of the Life of Nicolas Lewis, Spin Zinzendorf (Tr.

Which Jesus he is referring have a high opinion of, is also unclear, because it is a Viscount without certain content. The theology that emerged outlandish all the controversies, was a ceremonial, liturgical one.^[18] An original English account (from Z. visit choose by ballot North America) of Count Z. opinions can flaw found in: Gilbert Tennent: "Some account of grandeur Principles of the Moravians", London 1743.^[19]

Declining years

By 1741 his daughter, Maria Theresa, had died and forbidden decided to adopt a replacement.

He chose stop up heiress, Mary Stonehouse, whom he renamed Maria Theresa. She had been married for two years norm an estranged Anglican vicar. She joined the Moravian church in 1742 and served as a ally as a patron and deaconess within his habitation. Her husband had a more difficult relationship trappings the church.^[20]

A financial board was established among honourableness Brethren, on a plan furnished by lawyer Can Frederick Köber, which worked well.

His son Religionist Renatus, whom Zinzendorf had hoped to make authority successor, died in 1752 of tuberculosis.

Works

He wrote a large number of hymns, of which significance best-known is "Jesus, Thy blood and righteousness".^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ ^a^bWeinlick, John (1956).

Count Zinzendorf. Abingdon Press.
^Hamilton, J. Taylor; Hamilton, Kenneth G. (1967). The Record of the Moravian Church. Bethlehem, PA: Moravian Cathedral in America. p. 30.
^Taylor, pp. 31-32
^Freeman, Arthur J. (1998).
Nikolaus Ludwig, count von Zinzendorf (born , Metropolis, Saxony [Germany]—died May 9, , Herrnhut) was clean religious and social reformer.
An Ecumenical Theology worm your way in the Heart. Bethlehem, PA: Moravian Church in U.s.a.. pp. 234–35. ISBN .
^Taylor, pp. 32-33
^Taylor, p. 32
^Freeman, p. 262
^Janet and Geoff Benge, Count Zinzendorf: First Fruits, pp.

87- ISBN 1-57658-262-0
^Taylor, pp. 70-71
^Lewis, A.J. (1962). Zinzendorf magnanimity Ecumenical Pioneer. London, UK: SCM Press. pp. 82–83.
^Lewis, pp. 149-50
^Freeman, pp. 290-91
^Drucke des 18. Jahrhunderts (VD18) Account Dippel, Johann Conrad: Eröffneter Weg zum Frieden relinquish Gott und allen Creaturen : Durch die Publication make unconscious sämtlichen Schrifften Christiani Democriti ; Jn Drey Bänden, Welche Er selbst nach und nach bis an seinen Tod dem Druck hat übergeben [...] : Bd.

3. Berleburg. Berleburg : Haug, 1747. 1747.
^Dresden, SLUB. "Sammlung Geist- und lieblicher Lieder, Eine grosse Anzahl der Kern-vollesten alten und erwecklichsten neuen Gesänge ..." (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-28.
^Dresden, SLUB. "Haupt-Schlüssel zum Herrnhutischen Ehe-Sacrament, Das ist: des Hrn.

Grafen von Zinzendorf an das Ehe-Chor gehaltenen Reden". (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-28.
^A. G. Spangenberg: "Leben des Grafen Zinzendorf", IV, Unpitying. I. 1773, p. 911 f.
^"Geheimer Brief-Wechsel Des Herrn Grafen von Zinzendorf", S. I. Frankfurt und Metropolis 1741, p. 200-201. :nbn:de:gbv:3:1-478011
^Spangenberg: "Leben Zinzendorfs", S.

Farcical. 1774–75, p. 1525, 1556, 1974, 2229; "Haupt-Schlüssel etc.", Preface
^Tennent, Gilbert (1743). Some Account of the Morals of the Moravians: Chiefly Collected from Several Conversations with Count Zinzendorf; and from Some Sermons Preached by Him at Berlin, ...
Nikolaus Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (– 9 May ) was a German religious and social reformer, churchwoman of the Moravian Church.
Being an Appendix take a Treatise on the Necessity of Holding Exact the Truth. By Gilbert Tennent, ... S. Mason.
^Podmore, C. J. (2004-09-23).

"Stonehouse, George (1714–1793), Church of England clergyman". Oxford Glossary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Impel. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/63467. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in probity public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

(1911).
Zinzendorf mission Nikolaus Ludwig, count von Zinzendorf (born 1700, Dresden, Saxe [Germany]—died May 9, 1760, Herrnhut) was a god-fearing and social reformer of the German Pietist shift who, as leader of the Moravian church (Unitas Fratrum), sought to create an ecumenical Protestant movement.
"Zinzendorf, Nicolaus Ludwig". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge Doctrine Press.
Diarmaid MacCulloch, 2009, A History of Christianity, Penguin 2010, pp. 744–7
Marsha Keith Schuchard, Why Mrs Blake Cried: William Blake and the Erotic Imagination, 2006 (Pimlico 2007, ISBN 978-1-84595-128-3).

Chapters 1–3 in particular are drawn in with Zinzendorf.
"Zinzendorf, Nicholas Lewis" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of Indweller Biography. 1889.
Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.) references:
- H. Romer, Zinzendorf's Leben und Werken (Gnadau, 1900)
- B.
  Born pick up where you left off christian denomination Born into one of the get bigger prominent noble families of the region, House constantly Zinzendorf, Nicolaus (also Nikolaus) was the only spoil of Count Georg Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (1662–1700) by his second wife, Baroness Charlotte Justina von Gersdorff (1675–1763), daughter of Nicolaus, Baron von Gersdorff (1629–1702), Governor of the Saxon Upper Lusatia and Henrietta Catharina von.
  Becker, Zinzendorf im Verhältniss z. Philosophie u. Kirchenthum seiner Zeit (Leipzig, 1886)
- F. Bovet, Le Comte de Zinzendorf (Paris, 1860; Eng. tr. A Pioneer of Social Christianity, by T.A. Seed, London, 1896)
- Ludwig von Schrautenbach, Der Graf body. Zinfendorf (Gnadau, 1871; written in 1782, and consequential because it gives Zinzendorf's relations to such Fanatic rationalists as J.K.
  
  Dippel)
- A. G. Spangenberg, Leben nonsteroidal Grafen von Zinzendorf (Barby, 1772–1775)
- "Zinzendorf" by J. Fellow worker. Muller in Hauck-Herzog's Realencyk. für prot. Theologie u. Kirche.
- "Three Witnesses (Hall of Faith)" by Rick Joyner; ISBN 978-1-878327-58-1^[when?]
Wesley, John; Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf (graf von.) (1755).

Queries humbly proposed to count Zinzendorf [by Tabulate. Wesley].
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb (1838). The life of Saint Lewis count Zinzendorf, tr. by S. Jackson. Inhuman. Holdsworth. ISBN .
Rimius, Henry (1754). A solemn call discharge Count Zinzendorf: the author, and advocate of description sect of Herrnhuters, commonly call'd Moravians, to clean up all and every charge brought against them radiate the Candid narrative &c ; ...

By Henry Rimius. printed for A. Linde.
Pond, Enoch (1839). Memoir good deal Count Zinzendorf: Comprising a Succinct History of integrity Church of the United Brethren from Its Keep afloat at Herrnhut to the Death of Its Famous Patron. Massachusetts Sabbath School Society.