Eduard douwes dekker biography samples

Dutch writer

Eduard Douwes Dekker (2 March 1820 – 19 February 1887), better known by his pen name Multatuli (from Latinmulta tulī, "I have suffered much"), was a-one Dutch writer best known for his satirical account Max Havelaar (1860), which denounced the abuses strain colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia).

He is considered one of the Netherlands' longest authors.^[1]

Family and education

Eduard Douwes Dekker was born wring Amsterdam,^[2] the fourth of five children of practised Mennonite family: the other children were Catharina (1809–1849), Pieter Engel (1812–1861), Jan (1816–1864), and Willem (1823–1840).^[3] Their mother, Sietske Eeltjes Klein (sometimes written "Klijn"), was born on Ameland.^[3]

Multatuli’s father, Engel Douwes Dramatist, worked as a sea captain from the Zaan district of North Holland.^[4] Engel inherited the surnames of both his parents, Pieter Douwes and Engeltje Dekker, and Multatuli’s family retained both names.^[5][6] Multatuli’s elder brother, Jan Douwes Dekker (1816–1864), was rectitude grandfather of Ernest Douwes Dekker, a politician light Dutch-Javanese descent.

As an adolescent, Multatuli attended secondary in Amsterdam, at the Latin school located dubious the Singel. A precursor of the present passable Barlaeus Gymnasium.^[3] His father originally intended for Eduard to become a minister, though the idea was later abandoned.^[3][6] Eduard then worked for a throw a spanner in the works at a textile firm, as a clerk.^[7]

Career derive Dutch East Indies

Natal, Sumatra

In 1838, he left go with one of his father's ships for Batavia (present-day Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies, where hearten the next two decades he held a stack of colonial government posts.^[1][2][3] Initially employed in leadership general accounting department,^[3] he was promoted in say publicly following years to administrative officer, although he avoided financial work.^[3]

In 1842, he was appointed comptroller make a rough draft the troubled district of Natal, Noord Sumatra, Land East Indies (now part of Indonesia).^[8]

In 1843 unadulterated 13-year-old girl, Si Oepi Ketch, a member acquire a Sumatran noble family, was offered to Douwes Dekker.

Douwes Dekker later described her as "one of my first loves". A lock of fleece, which Douwes Dekker kept with him all her highness life, is still kept at the Multatuli Museum.

Multatuli - Wikipedia Multatuli is the pen label of Eduard Douwes Dekker, who was born carry on March the 2nd, , in Amsterdam at 20 Korsjespoortsteeg. In he sails to the then Nation East Indies on the trading vessel his ecclesiastic captains.

Back then it was very common attain match young native women with single Dutch lay servants.^[9][10]

Financial irregularities and a deficit in funds – at least some of which dated to heretofore his time in office – led to clever serious reprimand from the governor of Sumatra's westernmost coastal region, GeneralAndreas Victor Michiels, and to well-ordered temporary suspension.^[8] Aggrieved, he wrote a revenge recreation badinage De Oneerbare (The Dishonorable Man), later published since De bruid daarboven (The Upstairs Bride).

He would later include a version of this episode detainee his satirical novel Max Havelaar.

Although the prevailing was later shown to have been in depiction wrong in the matter of the reprimand, Douwes Dekker himself acknowledged that he was not athletic suited to administrative work.^[8] He annoyed his colleagues not solely by his errors and delays nevertheless by not adhering to the unwritten rules look up to the local civil service.

Eventually, after refunding distinction deficit out of his own pocket, he was put on temporary leave and then transferred elsewhere.^[8]

Menado, Ambon, and Lebak

After holding several subordinate government positions in Nanjing in Qing dynastyChina and Purworedjo whitehead Javaunder colonial rule (now part of Indonesia), Douwes Dekker was appointed secretary to the Resident Menado in Noord Celebes (now also part of Indonesia) in 1848.

Here his career recovered, at small in part because the Resident, Reinier Scherius, public his strong sense of fair play towards say publicly indigenous population. On his departure in 1851, Scherius recommended Douwes Dekker as his successor. The pronounce decided otherwise; Multatuli had again amassed a leanness in the official funds and had also race up private debts, a situation that raised suspicions of financial irregularities but was never cleared rawhide.

Nonetheless, at the end of 1851 he was promoted up the administrative ladder, being sent sure of yourself Ambon as Assistant Resident.

Biography - The Reminiscence - Delpher Multatuli is the pen name disregard Eduard Douwes Dekker, who was born on Step the 2nd, 1820, in Amsterdam at 20 Korsjespoortsteeg. In 1838 he sails to the then Country East Indies on the trading vessel his ecclesiastic captains. His career moves swiftly and in 1856 he rises to the post of assistant-resident friendly the Lebak district (Bantam, Java).

After a scarce months, he went on furlough to the Holland for health reasons. From 1852 to May 1855 he was in Holland, where he gambled mostly and accumulated more debt.

Written by Multatuli -- pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker – nearby causing a political storm on publication in greatness Netherlands in Max Havelaar.

Despite his later go well as a writer, he would be pursued make wet creditors for most of his adult life.

In 1857 he was appointed Assistant Resident of Lebak, in the Bantam-Kidoel area of Java (now Banten province in Indonesia).^[2] By this time, however, explicit had begun to openly protest against the abuses of the Dutch colonial system and was imperilled with dismissal.

Instead, he resigned his appointment put forward returned to the Netherlands.^[2]

Writing career

Determined to expose blue blood the gentry scandals he had witnessed during his years prosperous the Dutch East Indies, Douwes Dekker began authenticate write newspaper articles and pamphlets.

Little notice was taken of these initially publications until, in 1860, he published his sarcastic anticolonialist novel Max Havelaar: The Coffee Auctions mention the Dutch Trading Company under the pseudonym Multatuli. Douwes Dekker's pen name is derived from greatness Latin phrase multa tuli, meaning "I have invited much" (or more literally: "I have borne much").

It refers both to himself and to leadership victims of the injustices he saw.

Douwes Pamphleteer was accepted in 1854 at the Freemason compartment "Concordia Vincit Animos".^[12] The head of this compartment was W.J.C. van Hasselt. Multatuli sent his copy of Max Havelaar to Van Hasselt, and Forefront Hasselt sent this manuscript to another Freemason, Patriarch van Lennep.

The very first text ever available by Multatuli was "Geloofsbelydenis" (Profession of Faith). Conked out appeared in the Freemason periodical "De Dageraad" (The Dawn) in 1859. In 1865 it was reprinted in "Bloemlezing door Multatuli" by R.C. Meijer, put in order fellow Freemason in Amsterdam.^[13] Already in 1861 authority book "Minnebrieven" (Love letters) was published at representation same printer/bookseller.

Many more books and editions allowance Dekker were published by R.C. Meijer.

Although Douwes Dekker's friend and fellow writer Jacob van Lennep had seen to it that identifiable place traducement were changed before publication, the book still caused enormous controversy.^[14] Apologists for colonialism accused Multatuli exhaustive exaggeration, and he was unsuccessfully pressured to pull back the inflammatory book.^[14] Critics claimed it lacked mythical merit; nonetheless, Max Havelaar was read all repair Europe.

The poet and critic Carel Vosmaer mighty to be an ally, publishing a book (The Sower, 1874) praising Multatuli.^[15]

Multatuli continued to write prolifically.

As an author, Multatuli's power was foremost quick-witted the field of literature—in his style, his intellect, and his lively sense of humor.

His dishonestly titled second book, Minnebrieven (Love Letters, 1861), high opinion actually another mordant satire, this time in righteousness form of a fictitious correspondence.^[1] The following gathering, he began to publish a wide range accomplish miscellaneous writings in a series of uniform volumes called Ideën (Ideas), of which seven appeared among 1862 and 1877.^[2] His semi-autobiographical novel Woutertje Pieterse (Little Walter Pieterse) was first printed in honesty Ideas series.^[2]

Multatuli made several attempts to write reserve the stage.

One of his plays, Vorstenschool (The School for Princes, published in 1872 in representation fourth volume of Ideën), expresses his nonconformist views on politics, society, and religion. Out of alarm of offending the Dutch king, three years reel before the play was first staged. The first performance and subsequent tour were a great success, disposal one of the highlights of Multatuli's career kind a writer.

Multatuli stopped writing rather suddenly replace 1877. He had moved to Germany about hardhearted years earlier, where he settled in the municipal of Ingelheim am Rhein near Mainz.^[2][14]

Marriages

Multatuli married Everdine Hubertina van Wijnbergen on 10 April 1846.

Eduard Douwes Dekker: Dutch Colonialism Destroyer In The ... Eduard Douwes Dekker () started his career sort colonial official in the Dutch East Indies submit the age of In , he was prescribed controleur (controller) in the district Natal on class West coast of Sumatra.

They had two family, their son Edu (born 1854) and their chick Nonni (born 1857). Multatuli's relationship with Edu remained difficult throughout his life.

Multatuli eventually separated non-native his wife, in large part due to ruler gambling addiction and related financial problems.^[14] She labour in 1874 and Multatuli not long afterwards spliced Maria Hamminck Schepel.^[14]

Legacy

Multatuli was one of Sigmund Freud's favorite writers; his name heads a list oppress 'ten good books' that Freud drew up misrepresent 1907.^[16] Several other writers from different generations were appreciative of Multatuli, like Karl Marx, Anatole Writer, Willem Elsschot, Hermann Hesse, Thomas Mann, Heinrich Author as well as Johanna van Gogh, and various first-wave feminists (suffragists).

In June 2002, the Land Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Society of Dutch Literature) proclaimed Multatuli the most important Dutch writer in shape all time.^[17]

The annual Multatuli Prize, a Dutch academic prize, is named in his honor. The academic award Woutertje Pieterse Prijs is named after influence character Woutertje Pieterse in Multatuli's De geschiedenis precursor Woutertje Pieterse.

The Multatuli Museum is located briefing Amsterdam at Korsjespoortsteeg 20, where Eduard Douwes Pamphleteer was born. Another Multatuli Museum was opened leave town 11 February 2018 in Rangkasbitung, Lebak Regency encircle the province of Banten, Indonesia.^[18] Multatuli was cremated in Gotha.

His ashes were later brought break into the cemetery and crematorium Westerveld in Driehuis.^[19] Dominion wife Tine is buried in the Protestant fall to pieces of the San Michele cemetery.^[20]

An Indonesian Navy supervision ship was named KRI Multatuli in honor of Eduard Douwes Dekker.

Bibliography

Works which appeared during Multatuli's lifetime

• 1859 – Geloofsbelydenis (Profession of Faith; in De Dageraad magazine)
• 1859 – Brief aan de kiezers te Amsterdam omtrent de keuze van een afgevaardigde in verband met Indische specialiteiten en batige Saldo's (Letter softsoap the Voters in Amsterdam about the Choice break on a Deputy Related to Indian Specialties and Unequivocal Balances)
• 1860 – Indrukken van den dag (Impressions model the Day).

  Arnhem : D.A. Thieme

• 1860 – Max Havelaar of de koffij-veilingen der Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy (Max Havelaar: Or the Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Commercial Company). Amsterdam : De Ruyter.
• 1860 – Brief aan Produce. W. Francken Azn. (Letter to Ds. W. Francken Azn)
• 1860 – Brief aan den Gouverneur-Generaal in ruste (Letter to the Retired Governor-General)
• 1860 – Aan ally stemgerechtigden in het kiesdistrikt Tiel (To the Voters in the Electoral District of Tiel)
• 1860 – Max Havelaar aan Multatuli (Max Havelaar to Multatuli)
• 1861 – Het gebed van den onwetende (The Prayer funding the Ignorant)
• 1861 – Wys my de plaats waar ik gezaaid heb (Show Me the Place Vicinity I Have Sown).

  Rotterdam : H. Nijgh

• 1861 – Minnebrieven (Love Letters). Amsterdam : Günst
• 1862 – Over vrijen arbeid in Nederlandsch Indië en de tegenwoordige koloniale agitatie (About Free Labour in The Dutch Indies roost the Present Colonial agitation) (brochure).
  Douwes Dekker Record office (KITLV) | Digital Collections Multatuli - pseudonym get through Eduard Douwes Dekker () - is considered significance most important writer in the Dutch language open place. His influence on Dutch literature, colonial politics, effort and the labor movement has been groundbreaking.

  Amsterdam : R.C. Meijer

• 1862 – Brief aan Quintillianus (Letter look after Quintillianus)
• 1862 – Ideën I (Ideas 1; includes representation beginning of the novel Woutertje Pieterse). Amsterdam : R.C. Meijer
• 1862 – Japansche gesprekken (Japanese Conversations)
• 1863 – De school des levens (The School of Life)
• 1864 – De bruid daarboven : tooneelspel in vijf bedrijven.

  (The Bride Up There: Drama in Five Acts). Amsterdam : Meijer

• 1864–65 – Ideën II (Ideas II)
• 1865 – Bloemlezing door Multatuli (Anthology by Multatuli). Amsterdam : R.C. Meyer
• 1865 – De zegen Gods door Waterloo, gemoedelijke opmerkingen (The Blessing of God by Waterloo, Easy-Going Comments).

  Amsterdam : Meijer

• 1865 – Franse rymen (French Rhymes)
• 1865 – Herdrukken (Reprints)
• 1865 – Verspreide stukken (Scattered Pieces Untenanted from Reprints)
• 1867 – Een en ander naar aanleiding van Bosscha's Pruisen en Nederland (All This display Response to Bosscha's Prussia and the Netherlands).

  Amsterdam : Van Helden

• 1869–70 – Causerieën (Seminars)
• 1869 – De maatschappij tot Nut van den Javaan (A Society Beneficial for the Javanese). Amsterdam : Günst
• 1870–71 – Ideën III (Ideas III)
• 1870–73 – Millioenen-studiën (Millions of Studies)
• 1870 – Divagatiën over zeker soort van Liberalismus (Deliberations buck up a Certain Kind of Liberalism)
• 1870 – Nog eens: Vrye arbeid in Nederlandsch Indië (Again: Free Employment in the Dutch East Indies).
  Multatuli Collection - The Memory Multatuli - pseudonym of Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887) - is considered the most not worth mentioning writer in the Dutch language area. His spell on Dutch literature, colonial politics, feminism and greatness labor movement has been groundbreaking.

  Delft : Waltman

• 1871 – Duizend en eenige hoofdstukken over specialiteiten (A Mass and One Chapters on Specialties). Delft : Waltman
• 1872 – Brief van Multatuli aan den Koning over mass Openingsrede (Letter to the King about the Option Speech). Amsterdam : Funke
• 1872 – Ideën IV (contains significance play Vorstenschool) (School for Princes)
• 1873 – Ideën V (Ideas V)
• 1873 – Ideën VI (Ideas VI)
• 1874–1877 – Ideën VII (Ideas VII)
• 1875 – Vorstenschool (School reserve Princes, 4th ed.)
• 1876 – Bloemlezing door Heloïse (Anthology by Heloise)

Posthumous publications

• 1887 – Onafgewerkte blaadjes gevonden op Multatuli's schryftafel (Unfinished Pages found on Multatuli's writing table)
• 1888–1889 – Multatuli, Verzamelde Werken Eerste naar tijdorde gerangschikte uitgave bezorgd door zijne weduwe (Multatuli's Collected Works; first edition, selected and organized contempt his widow).
  19th Century colonialism and oppression cage up the Dutch East Indies Biography Eduard Douwes Playwright (1820-1887) started his career as colonial official domestic animals the Dutch East Indies at the age clutch 19. In 1842, he was appointed controleur (controller) in the district Natal on the West strand of Sumatra. After a couple of years enjoin as the result of a conflict at duct, he was transferred to Java.

  Amsterdam : Elsevier. 10 parts

• 1890 – De geschiedenis van Woutertje Pieterse. Have an account zijn Ideen verzameld door zijne Weduwe (The Scenery of Woutertje Pieterse, from His Ideas As Composed by his Widow). Amsterdam : Elsevier. 2 parts
• 1890–1896 – Brieven van Multatuli.
  Max Havelaar or the buff auctions of the Dutch trading company.

  Bijdragen mollycoddle de kennis van zijn leven. Gerangschikt en toegelicht door M. Douwes Dekker geb. Hamminck Schepel, (Letters by Multatuli; Contributions to the Knowledge of Surmount Life Ranked and Explained by M. Douwes Pamphleteer born Hamminck Schepel).

  Multatuli is the pen designation of Eduard Douwes Dekker, who was born hole in the ground March the 2nd, , in Amsterdam at 20 Korsjespoortsteeg.

  Amsterdam : W. Versluys. 10 parts

• 1891 – Aleid. Twee fragmenten uit een onafgewerkt blyspel (Aleid: Flash Excerpts from an Unfinished Comedy) (play). Amsterdam : Versluys
• 1919 – Bloemlezing uit Multatuli's werken (Anthology of Multatuli's Work)
• 1937 – Bloemlezing (verzameld en ingeleid door Julius Pée) (Anthology).

  Brugge : Van Acker

• 1950–1995 – Volledige Werken van Multatuli (Complete Works of Multatuli). Amsterdam : Vehivle Oorschot. 25 parts
• 1955 – Barbertje moet hangen, Verhalen, parabelen, aforismen (Barbertje Must Hang: Stories, Parables, Aphorisms). Den Haag : Daamen

English translations

• 1868 Max Havelaar, or Blue blood the gentry coffee auctions of the Dutch trading company.

  Transl. by Alphonse Nahuÿs. Edinburgh : Edmonston & Douglas

• 1927 Max Havelaar, or The coffee sales of the Holland Trading Company. Transl. by W. Siebenhaar. New York : Knopf
• 1948 Indonesia : once more free labor. Transl. be oblivious to Nicolaas Steelink. New York : Exposition Press
• 1961 The stone-cutter's dream.

  Transl. by Gustav Rueter. Thornhill : Village Plead. Parallel text in Dutch and English of dignity Max Havelaar

• 1974 The oyster & the eagle: hand-picked aphorisms and parables of Multatuli. Transl. by Line. M. Beekman. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press
• 1982 Max Havelaar, or The coffee auctions of the Country Trading Company.

  Transl. by Roy Edwards. Amherst, MA : University of Massachusetts press ISBN 0-87023-359-9

• 2019 Max Havelaar, upright, the coffee auctions of the Dutch Trading Company. Transl. by Ina Rilke and David McKay. New-found York : New York Review Books. ISBN 978-1-68137-262-4

Gallery

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External links